Ore and rock crushing and pulverizing machine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H (No Model H.BRADPOBD.

ORE AND BOOK GRUSHING AND P ULVERIZING MACHINE. No. 359,495. PatentedMar. 15, 1887.

2 sheets-sheet 2.

'(No Model.) I I H. BRADFORD. ORE AND BOOK ORUSHING AND PULVERIZINGMACHINE.

PatentedMar. 15, 1887.

UNITED STATES PATENT Orr ca.

HEZEKIAH BRADFORD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ORE AND ROCK CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,495 dated March 15,1887.

Application filed February 16, 1885. Serial No. 156.026. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEZEKIAH BRADFORD, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,have invented an Improvement in Ore and Rock Crushing and PulverizingMachines, of which the following is a specification.

In many ore and rock crushing rolls heretofore constructed the edges ofthe rolls are liable to become broken, and the faces of the rolls wearfaster in the middle than near the edges in consequence of the ore orother substance being unequally distributed.

The shafts of the rolls have been supported in journal-boxes, and areusually prevented from moving endwise by the boxes, and the dust andparticles of mineral matter cause wear of the journal-boxes and shafts,and the journals or shafts of the rollers, as this wear takes place, areliable to move endwise in their bearings, and uneven ridges oftenproject at the ends of the rolls, the surface not being worn offuniformly.

My present improvements are made for obviating these difficulties, andfor causing these rollers to wear with uniformity and retain theircylindrical form; and I support the journals of the rollers in such amanner that endwise movement-is prevented, and dust and foreignsubstances are excluded fromthe bearings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine complete. Fig. 2is a vertical longitudinal section transversely of the rolls. Fig. 3 isan end View at one side of the frame. Fig. 4 is a cross-section at-theline a on, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a separate view-of one of the followers.Fig. 6 is a cross-section at the line y y, Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a separateview of one of the filling-plates, and Fig. 8 is a plan of the guidesfor distributing the ore as it passes into'the hopper. Fig. 9 is apartial section at the line w as, Fig. 2.

The rollers a b are upon the axles or shafts a b, and the power torotate these rollers is applied to the pulleys c d, or to gear-wheelswhich may be used in place of said pulleys. The frames f and g of themachine are preferably of cast-iron, connected together by thecross-bolts h h. Near one end of each frame is a journal-box, 7c, andnear the other end of each frame is a vertical standard, l, and thereare tie-rods m passing through the upper portions of these standards Z,and through projections above the journal-boxes k. These tierods mstrengthen the frame and prevent injury from the lateral thrustresulting from the compressing or crushing of the ore or other materialsby the rollers a Z).

The ends of the shaft care bored out axially to receive the screws n01/. Such shaft is also mortised transversely for the reception of thegibs a which pass transversely across such shaft, the ends projectingand terminating as hooks, one of which passes at each side of themovable collar 12 the slot being longer than.

the thickness of the gib. Each collar is in contact with the face of thejournal-boxk, and

it Will now be apparent that by adjusting the screws a a the gib can bemoved along in the slot. Alimited amount of end motion can be given tothe shaft a, so that the roller a may be adjusted to the propertransverse position to correspond with the roller 12. The rollers are ofthe same length, so as to be in contact all along their surfaces. Thesecollars or also serve to exclude dust and particles of foreign matterfrom the journal-boxes 7c. Ialso prefer to make these journal-boxes kpartially recessed or hollow at one side, and to connect with therecessed portion of each box a pipe, 1, and cook, Fig. .2, by means ofwhich water, oil, or other lubricating material can be supplied to suchrecesses of the j ournal-boxes, the same being under sufficient pressureto cause such liquid to ooze out gradually between the rings a and thefaces of the journals, and also at the inner surfaces of thejournal-boxes adjacent to the rollers. As an additional precaution toprevent the journals of the rollers wearing, I reduce such shafts 01'journals between the journal-boxes and the rollers themselves, as at 3,in order that any particles of stone or other foreign matter fallingupon the shaft may not come into contact with the faces of thejournal-boxes, but will adhere to the neck or reduced portion of theshaft'and fall from the same as such foreign substances may accumulate,or streams of water may be used to wash off accumulations from thejournals.

The shaft 1) of the roller b is provided with adjustingscrews a a,collars a and gibs n", the same as described with reference to the shafta, and these are applied for the object above described.

The journal-boxes or pedestals p for the shaft Z) are to be recessed andeach provided with a supply of water, oil, or other lubricating materialby the pipe and cock 1), for the same purpose and in the same manner asto the journal-boxes 7;.

In ore and stone crushing machines heretofore constructed there is notas much wear upon the surfaces of the rollers, as heretofore made, nearthe edges as there is in the middle portions of the roller-surfaces;hence the rollers wear hollow, and there is a greater distance betweenthe faces of the rollers in the middle portions of the rollers than atthe ends. I avoid these difficulties by beveling the edges of therollers at the ends, as seen at 4 4. This prevents the chipping of therollers and enables me to apply the feed-hopper (hereinafter described)in'such manner that the wear upon the entire surfaces of the rollerswill be uniform and the cylindrical character of such rollersmaintained, and grooves and channels be prevented, in order that thedistance between the rollers at the point of proximity may be uniformthroughout their entire length, and the reduction of the ore or othermineral substances may also be uniform in size.

.The hopper into which the material to be crushed is supplied is formedof the end pieces, 1' r, the inclined side piece, 1*, and the verticalside There is also a cross-bar, r, in the hopper, attached at its endsto the end pieces, 9' r.

The support-ilanges s of the hopper rest upon the longitudinal tie-barsm, and are provided with set-screws 6, resting upon such tiebars 121, bywhich the flanges of the hopper and the hopper itself may be raised orlowered, as necessity may require. The object of this is to bring theside piece r of the hopper and the inclined side piece 2' into therequired proximity to the surfaces of the rollers a Z).

The hopper is made as wide as the rolls are long, and upon the two endsthere are plates a, hanging upon and secured by bolts a. These platesare about a quarter of an inch thick, with their lower ends beveled tofit the angle formed on the rolls by the beveled ends. These plates (0are to fill up the open spaces formed by the beveling of the ends of therolls. They should be removed one by one as the corners of the rollswear away, and there should always be space enough left at these ends ofthe rolls to cause them to be worn away as fast as the center parts ofthe rolls, and the feed of the ore into the rolls is to be so directedthat the corners or edges of the rolls will have as much ore to crush inproportion to the surface of the rolls as the center or other part ofthe rolls. Similar plates, (0, are to be bolted against the innersurfaces of the hopper ends, so that the inclined supply side of thehopper maybe of uniform width.

The end plates, 1-, of the hopper are provided with vertical channels atr in line with the meeting surfaces of the rolls a b, so that after therolls have been worn down cylindrically and the beveled portions 4 wornoff the particles of ore will come freely into contact with the extremeedges of the rolls, and thereby they will be worn away as rapidly as anyother part of the rolls, and it pieces of ore pass down through thesechannels 1' without being crushed sufficiently fine the same will beretained by the screens and returned to the crusher by an elevator.These plates 0' can be raised or lowered or moved laterally and clampedin place by the attaching-screws, so that a fresh surface may be broughtinto position to take the wear from the ore passing between the rolls.

In order that the corners of the .rolls may not be prevented from actingon the ore, the hanging pieces a should be removed as the rolls wearaway, so that the full proportion of ore shall be crushed by fallingdirectly against the corners, and to insure this it is better that somesmall portions of stone should drop through the spaces at the ends ofthe rolls than that the corners should not be worn off as fast as anyother part of the faces of the rolls, as any coarser pieces thus fallingthrough will be returned by the screens and elevators to the rolls, asusual.

In order that the operator may be able to direct and distribute the oreequally, rows of guides v are made use of, as seen in Fig. 8, each guideturning on a pin like a windowblind. These guides are placed in thehopper to regulate the distribution equally across the hopper. The orefrequently reaches the hopper from the rock-breaker in a narrow stream;but it is distributed by these guides, being turned into inclinedpositions, as shown, to spread the ore as it runs down the hopper, andthese are positioned so as to equally distribute the orc. These guidesare supported by beams t, placed over the hopper, the pins of the guidespassing at right angles with the face of the hopper through such beams,and forming pivots that allow the guides to be adjusted to the properangular position, to"

equally distribute the ore. The hopper with these guides is to besufficiently long to allow for the introduction ofa number of ranges ofthese guides, so as to direct the material and distribute it equally. Byplacing these pivoted guides upon beams across the hopper the guides canbe applied wherever necessary and to any desired extent, and the pivotsare in the cross-bars and not in the bottom of the hopper, and thehopper is not injured by being perforated. By this construction I amenabled to evenly feed the material to be crushed upon the inclined sidea of the hopper, and allow the same to pass gradually beneath thecross-bar r, in between the rollers a b, which crush or reduce the sameto the desired extent. The action is uniform across the entire faces ofthe rollers a b because the supply of the material to be crushed isuniform; but in caseanyhard foreign substance such as a chisel or apieee'of steel drill-should pass in between the rollers a Z) and remainin position, and the rollers grind against the same IIO until a groove'is cut in one or both of the rollers before the obstruction isdiscovered, then may be raised or lowered, in order that their lowerends may be in the proper position relatively to the surfaces of therollers a I).

These shields do not prevent the stone, ore, or

other material that is being operated upon passing down upon therollers, because such shields are comparatively thin. They, however,keep the material to be crushed away from contact with the injured orworn portions of the surfaces of the rollers, in order that saidsurfaces may notbe exposed to wear,

and that the wear may come upon the other portions of the surfaces ofthe rollers until the entire surfaces of such rollers again assume theirtrue cylindrical form.

I provide springs that act between the standards l and the journal-boxesp to compress the roller 1) toward the roller a. Such springs are bypreference blocks of india-rubber, as shown att t,- but metallic springsmay be used. These are introduced between hanging followers a, which arein the form of plates suspended from the tie-rods m, as seen in Fig. 2.The

surfaces of these followers are recessed sufficiently to receive thebases of the blocks of india-rubloer t, in order that such rubbersprings may not become misplaced; and I pass through eachof thestandards Z a horizontal screw, '0, which acts against the end follower,a, to compress the springs to whatever extent may be necessary forapplying the necessary pressure against the journal-boxes p and theroller 1). These screws 12 are each provided with a set-nut to preventthe same being turned accidentally.

It is often desirable to allow a certain distance between the roller 1)and the roller a, so that pieces of ore or other material of a less sizemay pass through nnacted upon. I therefore provide the holding-rods w,which are screwed at one end into the journal-boxes p. I prefer toemploy four of these holding-rods to each j ournal-box, and to pass thesame through holes in the standards Z. These holding-rods w are providedwith sethuts 15, which, when brought into contact with the verticalsurfaces of the standards Z and being revolved upon the screw-holdingrods w, draw back the roller 7) from contact with the roller a thedesired distance. These holding-rods, passing loosely through thestandards Z, do not interfere with the roller b sliding back andcompressing the springs t should any substance fall in between therollers a b that cannot .be crushed by them, thus allowing suchsubstance to pass through as the roller 1 yields and moves away from theroller (1. In driving these rollers a b, I prefer to use separate beltsupon pulleys c and d, in order that the said rollers may be driven atdifferent speeds, thereby cansing a grinding action between the surfaceof one roller and the surface of the other; and I prefer, also, that thebelt to the pulley d should pass vertically downward or upward to adriving-pulley below it or above it, in order that the roller 7) and itsshaft 1) may move horizontally and laterally against the action of thesprings i t without the belt becoming materially slackened or tightenedby such movement.

The rollers a b are formed ofhollow cast-iron shells, as represented insection m,Fi g. 2. These shells are of the proper thickness forobtaining the necessary strength; and at the ends or heads there areinwardly projecting hubs, which are bored out and fitted to receive theshaft, the shaft being slightly tapered in order that the roller may bedriven thereon firmly, endwise of the shaft. This allows for the removalof the roller when worn out, and the replacing of another roller uponsuch shaft without injury to the shaft. Keys should be driven intochannels in the shafts and hubs, respect- 5 ively, to prevent therollers turning on their shafts.

The journal-boxes p are provided with sliding clips 1) at their bases,such clips being applied one at each side of the sliding journalboxesand bolted to the same. The lower inwardly-projecting ribs upon theseclips pass into grooves in the frames f 9, so that the journal-boxes orpedestals p p are allowed to move endwise of the frame; but they areheld down in place and cannot rise or become detached from the same.

I prefer to construct the rollers a b of cast iron with chilledsurfaces, these surfaces being ground off or otherwise rendered true.

In my improved machine I am able to distribute the ore in the hopperuniformly, to crush it uniformly, or nearly so, to render the wear uponthe rolls uniform, and to maintain the rolls in their proper relativepositions and in good condition until worn out, thus effecting a savingin themachinery and doing better work than heretofore.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, with the rollers and theirshafts, of the screws n n, gibs a", and rings n for adjusting therollers and rollershafts endwise, substantially as set forth.

2. The combinatiomiu a stone-crushing machine, of the rollers a b,having the edges beveled,and the supply-hopper having an inclinedsurface down which the materials pass, the end plates, and the thinremovable plates a beveled at their lower ends to fit the rolls andattached to the end plates, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the crushing-roll- IIO Ils

adapted to be placed and secured in the hopper,

substantially as specified, so as to protect any portion of theroller-surface which may have become grooved or injured, substantiallyas set forth.

4-. The combination, with the erushingiolt ers and feed-hopper, of thegrooved cross-bar 'r and grooved side piece 1' and one or more movableshields. r", substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, with the crnshing-rol1- ers, of the slidingjournal-boxes or pedestals p, and the clippieeesp", fastened to thelower portions of sneh pedestals, and having ribs passing into groovesin the frames of the ma chine, substantially as and forthe purpose setforth.-

6. The eonibination,with the rollers, shafts, journal-boxes, and slidingbearings or pedes t-als p, of the holding-rods 10, the standards Z,

40 through which the rods pass, the nuts 15, ad-

justing-screws e, and the springs it between the pedestals and theadjusting-screws, substantially as set forth.

7. The eo1nbi11ation,with a pair of crushingrollers, of the hopperhaving end plates with vertical channels in line with the meetingsurfaces of the rolls, for the purposes and as set forth.

8. The combination, with the feeding-hopper, down which the materialpasses to the rollers, of the cross-beams 12" above the hopper, and theguides 11, pivoted to the cross beam and hanging below the same, for thepurposes and substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 5th day of February, A. D. 1885.

IIEZEKIAII BRADFORD.

\Vitnesses:

(JEo. T. PINCKXEY, \VILLLur G. Mo'r'r.

